The number of people diagnosed with tumors, especially malignant ones, is constantly increasing. A rise in the mortality rate is also seen due to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Hence, early and proper diagnosis is imperative.
Early detection of cancer basically increases the chances for a successful treatment. There are mainly two main segments of early detection of cancer:

Education to help early diagnosis

Screening

Identifying the possible warning signs of cancer and taking effective and immediate actions can lead to early diagnosis. The best cancer hospitals in India declare that increased awareness of the possible warning signs of cancer, among physicians, nurses, and other health care providers as well as the general public can have a huge impact on the disease. Some initial signs of cancer may be lumps, sore that fail to heal, abnormal bleeding, indigestion, and chronic abnormal voice changes. Early screening is mostly relevant for cancers of the breast, cervix, mouth, colon, rectum, and skin.
Diagnosing and treating cancer at an early stage can save lives. Cancer which is diagnosed at an early stage, when it has not spread, is more likely to be treated successfully. If cancer spreads, effective treatment becomes more difficult, and generally a person’s chances of surviving are reduced.

Below are some examples of how predicting cancer early can make a real difference:

Bowel cancer
More than 9 in 10 bowel cancer patients would survive the disease for more than 5 years if diagnosed at the earliest stage.

Breast cancer
More than 90% of women diagnosed with breast cancer at the initial stage survive for at least 5 years as compared to around 15% women diagnosed with the most advanced stage of disease.

Ovarian cancer
90% of women diagnosed with the first stage ovarian cancer survive their disease for at least 5 years compared to around 5% for women diagnosed with the most advanced stage of disease.

Lung cancer
More than 80% of lung cancer patients will survive for at least a year when diagnosed at the most basic stage compared to around 15% for people diagnosed with the most advanced stage of disease.

There could be a number of reasons for delays in cancer diagnosis, for example:

Less awareness of cancer signs and symptoms can mean that people don’t realise that a symptom is important, or that they should see their doctor about it.

Some people may put off seeing a doctor for various reasons, including things like being worried about what they might find.

Delays could occur in getting an appointment at the hospital.

When it comes to your health, keep in mind that you’re in charge. If you do mark something unusual, tell your doctor. In most cases it may not be cancer – but if it is, finding it early could make a real difference.

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The role of general practice in Early diagnosis of cancer

Cancer is considered to be one of the principal causes of death. However, what role does general practice presume in reducing the incidence and mortality from cancer? It has been accepted for years that general practitioners (GPs) might play a role in promoting healthy living among the public and in running screening programmes, but we need to reassess their role in early clinical diagnosis and to develop research that brings knowledge to this crucial part of cancer care. An under emphasized area to which little research has so far been devoted is early and quick diagnosis of cancer. General practice is mostly concerned in the early diagnosis of more than 85% of all cancer cases and in light of the many consultations paid to GPs annually and the excess of symptoms presented to the GPs, the annual number of incident cancers that GPs have to diagnose is very low. Thus, the GPs must provide relevant, timely, high-quality diagnostic work-up for many patients. General practice also has an significant role in providing equal access to medical advice, but how, if they do, the GPs contribute to the social inequality in cancer incidence and survival remains much unexplored.
In short, general practice noticeably occupies a key position in early cancer diagnosis that calls for sound primary health care research that covers three main themes:

The approach through which general practice influences persons’ knowledge about symptoms, their interpretation and their health care-seeking behaviour.

The GP's skills in meeting with the patient, in analysing the relevant symptoms and in taking action regarding relevant clinical and paraclinical investigations, and in referring the patient to relevant specialists.

The GP's role in organizing well-defined, rapid diagnostic pathways to substantiate or disprove the suspicion of cancer.

Precisely these three elements needed to be further developed through cutting-edge primary healthcare research. This would often require the concerted effort of a multidisciplinary team counting medically educated staff, psychologists, anthropologists and sociologists and professionals with other relevant competences.
The whole task is to provide primary care with an elaborate and well-documented evidence-based platform for improving cancer awareness and early diagnosis and thereby improve the prognosis for incident cancer patients. This effort, combined with a much more focused preventive effort, may be the next important step that should be taken to improve outcome in cancer treatment.

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